Cognitive development –Jean Piaget
Stage
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Development
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Stage 1 Sensorimotor (birth - 2 years)
(movement , five senses )
|
·
Consists of six stages.
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Progress from simple reflex activity through
simple repetitive behaviors to imitative behavior.
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Sense of cause and effect.
·
Direct behavior towards objects.
·
Problem solving is by trial and error.
·
High level of curiosity, experimentation & enjoyment of novelty.
·
Develops sense of self.
·
Able to differentiate themselves from the
environment.
·
Aware that objects have permanence.
·
Objects exists even though it is no longer
visible.
·
Begin to use language.
Video: Piaget - Stage 1 - Sensorimotor, Object Permenence
|
Stage 2 Preoperational (2-7 years)
(magical/prelogical thinking; motor skills; egocentrisim starts strong,
then weakens)
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Egocentrism- inability to put oneself in the
place of others.
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Interpretation of objects in terms of their relationship and use.
·
Unable to see things from any other
perspective their own.
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Cannot see another's point of view.
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Thinking is concrete and tangible.
·
Cannot reason beyond the observable.
·
Lack the ability to make deductions and
generalizations.
·
Thought is dominated by what they see, hear or
experience.
·
Increasingly able to use language and symbols
to represent objects in their environment.
·
Play Begins to elaborate concepts and to make
simple associations between ideas.
·
Reasoning is intuitive (moon has to go to bed
as they do).
·
Reasoning is transductive: because 2 events
occur together, they cause each other.
·
Big belly→baby.
Video:Piaget - Stage 2 - Preoperational - Lack of Conservation |
Stage 3. Concrete operations (7-11 years)
(Begins to think logically but are very concrete in their thinking; no
longer egocentric)
|
·
Thought becomes increasingly logical and
coherent.
·
Able to classify, sort, order, organize facts
about the world to use in problem solving.
·
Develop new concept of
permanence-conservation. i.e. realize that physical factors such as volume,
weight and number remain the same, even though outward appearances are
changed. Able to deal with number of different aspects of a situation
simultaneously.
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Do not have a capacity to deal in abstraction.
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Solve the problem in a concrete, systematic
fashion based on what they can perceive.
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Reasoning is inductive.
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Thought becomes less self centered.
·
Can consider points of view of others.
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Thinking has become socialized.
Video: Piaget - Stage 3 - Concrete - Reversibility |
Stage 4. Formal operations (11-15 years)
development of abstract (adult-level) reasoning.
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Adaptability and flexibility.
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Can think in abstract terms, use abstract
symbols and draw logical conclusions from a set of observations.
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E.g. if A is larger than B and B is larger
than C, which symbol is the largest?
·
Can make hypothesis and test them.
·
Can consider abstract, theoretic and
philosophic matters
·
May get confuse the ideal with practical;
contradictions in the world can be dealt and resolved.
Video:Piaget - Stage 4 - Formal - Deductive Reasoning
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Mnemonics:
Some People Can
Fly! Explanation: to remember Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, in
order Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Other Relevant Videos:
formal operational child :
Conservation task:
Egocentrism:
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