Definition of Psychiatric nursing:
Psychiatric
nursing is defined as an interpersonal process where by a professional nurse
practitioner assist individual, family or community to promote mental health,
to prevent or cope up with experiences of mental illness or suffering if
necessary to find the meaning in these experiences. (Travel Bee Joyce).
It is a
specialized area of nursing practice, employing theories of human behaviour as
it is a science, and the purposeful use of self as it is an art, in the
diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential mental health
problems (American Nurses Association, 1994).
Standards of
psychiatric nursing practice
Standards are
criteria by which quality and quantity of work or activities may be measured.
They provide basis for development of alternatives. In psychiatric nursing, 14
standards are developed and accepted universally all over the world. These
standards are established to provide quality and quantity of care to the
psychiatric patients.
The ANA
Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Clinical Nursing Practice (2000:.
A. Standards
of care
Standard I:
Assessment- Collects the data that is comprehensive, accurate and systematic.
Standard II:
Diagnosis- Analyzes the assessment data as well as utilizes nursing
diagnoses and standard classification of mental disorder to express conclusions
and also supported by current scientific premises.
Standard III:
Outcome identification- Identifies the expected outcomes individualized
to the client.
Standard
IV: Planning- Develops a plan of care with specific goals and
interventions to each client needs.
Standard V:
Implementation- Implements the interventions that promote, maintain or
restore physical and mental health and prevent illness and effect
rehabilitation.
Standard 5a. Coordination of care
The psychiatric mental health
registered nurse coordinates care delivery.
Standard 5 b. Health teaching and
health promotion
The psychiatric mental health
registered nurse employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment.
Standard 5c: Milieu Therapy
Provides structures and maintains a
therapeutic environment in collaboration with patients, families and other
health care clinicians
Standard 5 d. Pharmacological,biological
and complementary interventions
The psychiatric-mental registered
nurse uses knowledge of pharmacological, biological and complementary
interventions and applies clinical skills to restore the patient's health and
prevent further disability
Standard 5e: Prescriptive Authority
and Treatment
The psychiatric/mental health nurse
uses prescriptive authority, procedures and treatments in accordance with state
and federal laws and regulations to treat symptoms of psychiatric illness and
improve functional health status.
Standard 5f: Psychotherapy
The psychiatric/mental health nurse
uses individual, group and family psychotherapy and other therapeutic
treatments to assist patient in preventing mental illness and disability,
treating mental health disorders and improving mental health status and
functional abilities.
Standard 5g: Consultation
The psychiatric/mental health nurse
provide consultation to enhance the abilities of other clinicians to provide
services for patients and effect change in system
Standard 5h: Counseling
Uses counseling interventions to
assist clients in regaining or improving their previous coping abilities.
Standard 5i: Promotion of self-care activity
Nurse structures interventions
around the patient's activities of daily living to foster self- care, and
mental and physical well-being.
Standard 5j: Case Management
Coordinate comprehensive health
services and ensures continuity of care.
Standard
VI: Evaluation-
evaluation of the
patient progress, change in the health status, effects of nursing interventions
and expected outcomes are evaluated by the psychiatric nurse.
B. Standards
of professional performance
l . Quality
of practice- The psychiatric mental health registered nurse
systematically enhances the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice.
2. Education-
The psychiatric mental health registered nurse attains knowledge and competency
that reflects current nursing practice.
3. Professional
practice evaluation- The psychiatric mental health registered nurse
evaluates his/her own practice in relation to the professional practice
standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, rules, and regulations.
4. Collegiality-
The psychiatric mental health registered nurse interacts with and contributes
to the professional development of peers and colleagues.
5. Ethics-
The psychiatric mental health registered nurse integrates ethical provisions in
all areas of practice.
6. Collaboration-
The psychiatric mental health registered nurse collaborates with patients,
family and others in the conduct of nursing practice.
7. Research-
The psychiatric mental health registered nurse integrates research findings
into practice.
8. Resource
utilization- The psychiatric mental health registered nurse considers
factors related to safety effectiveness, cost, and impact on practice in the
planning and delivery of nursing services. 9
9. Leadership-
The psychiatric mental health registered nurse provides leadership in the
professional practice setting and the profession
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