Psychosocial development – Erick Erickson
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Stage
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Virtue
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Development
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Infant- Trust Vs mistrust
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Hope
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Trust is the first and most important attribute to develop for a healthy
personality.
Corresponds to Freud's oral stage. It describes all of the child's
satisfying experience. It the time of "getting" and "taking
in" through all the senses. It exists only in relation to something or
someone. Consistent, loving care by the mother is important.
Mistrust develops when trust promoting experiences are deficient or
lacking or when basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met.
The favorable/lasting outcomes are faith and optimism
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Toddler -autonomy vs shame and doubt ( 1 -3 years)
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Will
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Corresponds to
Freud's anal stage.
The development
of autonomy is centered on children's increasing ability-to control-their
bodies, themselves and their environment. They want to do things for
themselves using their newly acquired motor skills.
Much of their
learning is acquired by imitating the activities and behavior of others.
Negative feelings
of doubt and shame arise when children are made to feel small and self
conscious, ,when their disastrous, when others shame them or when they are
forced to be dependent in areas in which they are capable of assuming
control.
The
favorable/lasting outcomes are self- control and will power.
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Preschooler -initiative vs guilt(3-6 years)
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Purpose
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Corresponds to Freud's Phallic stage.
Characterized by vigorous, intrusive behavior; enterprise; and a strong
imagination. Children explore the physical world with all their senses and
powers. Develop conscience. No longer guided only by outsiders, they have an
inner voice that warns and threatens. Undertake activities that are in
conflict with parents.lf they are made to feel that their activities or
imaginings are bad, that produces guilt.
The favorable/lasting outcomes are direction and purpose.
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Schooler -industry vs inferiority (6-12 years)
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Competence
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Corresponds to
Freud's latency period.
Ready to be
workers and producers. Want to engage in activities that can carry through to
completion. Need and want real achievement. Learn to compete and cooperate
with others. Learn rules. Decisive period in their social relationships.
If too much is
expected of them or if they believe that they cannot measure up to the
standards set for them by others inferiority develops.
The ego quality
developed from sense of industry is competence.
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Adolescence -identity vs role confusion (12-18 years)
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Fidelity
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Corresponds to Freud's genital period.
Characterized by rapid and marked physical changes. Previous trust in
their body is shaken. Children become overly preoccupied with the way they
appear in the eyes of others compared their own self-concept.
Struggle to fit the roles that they have played.
Struggle to play with the current role.
Struggle to integrate their concepts and values with those of society.
Struggle to decide regarding an occupation.
Inability to solve the core conflict results in role confusion.
The outcome of successful mastery is devotion and fidelity to others and
to values and ideologies.
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Young adult- Intimacy vs isolation (18/20-39)
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Love
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Tasks- Forming
adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachments to others
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Middle adult-Generativity vs Stagnation (40-64)
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Care
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Tasks-Being creative and productive; establishing the next generation
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Maturity- Ego integrity vs Dispair (65-death)
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Wisdom
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Tasks-Accepting
responsibility for one’s self and life
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Mnemonics :
"The sad tale of Erikson Motors":
The stages in order by age group:
Mr. Trust and MsTrust had an auto they
were ashamed of. She took the initiative to find the guilty
party. She found the industry was inferior. They were making cars
with dents [identity] and rolling fuses [role confusion].
Mr. N.T. Macy [intimacy] isolated the problem, General TVT
absorbed the cost. In the end, they found the tires were just gritty
and the should have used de- spare!
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