Cardiology Mnemonics Part 4

Cardiology Mnemonics

Aortic dissection: risk factors ABC:

Atherosclerosis/ Ageing/ Aortic aneurysm

Blood pressure high/ Baby (pregnancy)

Connective tissue disorders (eg Marfan's, Ehlers-Danlos)/ Cystic medial necrosis

CHF: Left-sided systolic failure signs and symptoms
"Left Systolic Failure Can Have Dialated Heart Cause Of Pulmpnary Backflow":

Loss of hair on legs

Skin cold and clammy

Fatigue

Crackles

High heart rate

Dyspnea
HTN

Cyanosis

Orthopnea

Pink Sputum

Acute Coronary Syndrome: initial treatment ABCD:
Aspirin

Beta blocker
Coagulation (anticoagulation with heparin/LMW Heparin)

Double product control (decrease heart rate and blood pressure)

Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications RAMP:
Recent MI

Aortic stenosis

MI in the last 7 days

Pulmonary hypertension

ECG: T wave inversion causes INVERT:
Ischemia

Normality [esp. young, black]

Ventricular hypertrophy

Ectopic foci [eg calcified plaques]

RBBB, LBBB

Treatments [digoxin]

Rheumatic fever: Jones major criteria JONES:

Joints (migrating polyarthritis)
Obvious, the heart (carditis, pancarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis or valvulits)

Nodes (subcutaneous nodules)

Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea

Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria STREP:
Sydenhams chorea

Transient migratory arthritis

Rheumatic subcutaneous nodules

Erythema marginatum

Pancarditis (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis) ·
STREP, since Rheumatic fever is caused by group A strep.

Myocardial infarctions: treatment INFARCTIONS:

IV access
Narcotic analgesics (eg morphine, pethidine)

Facilities for defibrillation (DF)

Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin)

Rest

Converting enzyme inhibitor

Thrombolysis

IV beta blocker

Oxygen 60%

Nitrates

Stool Softeners

Atrial fibrillation: causes PIRATES:
Pulmonary: PE, COPD

Iatrogenic

Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation

Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD

Thyroid: hyperthyroid

Endocarditis

Sick sinus syndrome

Atrial fibrillation: management ABCD:

Anti-coagulate

Beta-block to control rate

Cardiovert
Digoxin

Anti-arrythmics: for AV nodes "Do Block AV":

Digoxin

B-blockers

Adenosine

Verapamil

Murmurs: systolic MR PV TRAPS:

Mitral

Regurgitation and

Prolaspe

VSD

Tricupsid

Regurgitation

Aortic and

Pulmonary
Stenosis

Apex beat: differential for impalpable apex beat DOPES:

Dextrocardia

Obesity

Pericarditis/ Pericardial tamponade/ Pneumothorax
Emphysema

Sinus inversus/ Student incompetence/ Scoliosis/ Skeletal abnormalities (eg pectus excavatum)

Mitral regurgitation When you hear holosy stolic murmurs, think "MR-THEM ARE holosy stolic murmurs".

Sino-atrial node:

innervation Sympathetic acts on  Sodium channels (SS). Parasympathetic acts on Potassium channels (PS).

Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment ABCDE:
Adenosine

Beta-blocker

Calcium channel antagonist

Digoxin

Excitation (vagal stimulation)

Ventricular tachycardia: treatment LAMB:

Lidocaine

Amiodarone

Mexiltene/ Magnesium
Beta-blocker