Pathology Mnemonics
Ovarian
cancers: important types, by WHO classification · Surface:
"My Sister Began Experiencing Cance r":
Mucinous
Serous
Brenner
Endometrioid
Clear
· Germ cell:
"Doctor Examined The Ovaries":
Dy sgerminoma
Endometrial
sinus
Teratoma
Ov arian
choriocarcinoma · Sex cord:
"She Felt Grim":
Sertoli-Leydig
Fibroma
Granulosa-theca
· Metastatic
"Killed":
Krukenberg
Kwashiorkor:
distinguishing from Marasmus FLAME:
Fatty Liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema
Hemolytic anemia
types SHEEP T!T:
Sickle cell
Heriditary
splenocytosis
Enzy me
deficiencies: [G6P, pyruvate kinase] Erythroblastosis
fetalis
Paroxysmal
nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Trauma to RBCs
Immunohemolytics:
[warm Ab, cold
Ag]
Thalassemias:
[alpha, beta]
Oral cancer risks
PATH LAB:
Plummer-vinson
syndrome
Alcohol
Tobacco
Human papilloma
virus
Leukoplakia
Asbestos
Bad oral hygiene
Pneumothorax:
presentation PTHORAX:
Pleuretic pain
Trachea
deviation
Hy perresonance
Onset sudden
Reduced breath
sounds (& dypsnea)
Absent fremitus
X-ray shows
collapse
Disseminated
Intravascular
Cogulation:
causes DIC: Deliv ery TEAR
(obstetric complications) Infections
(gram negative)/ Immunological Cancer (prostate, pancreas, lung,
stomach)
· Obstretrical complications are TEAR: Toxemia of
pregnancy
Emboli
(amniotic)
Abrutio
placentae
Retain fetus
products
Leukemias: acute vs.
chronic rules of thumb ABCDE:
Acute is:
Blasts predominate
Children
Drastic course
Elderly
Few WBC's (so Fev ers)
· Chronic is all the opposites:
Mature cells predominate
Middle aged
Less debilitating course Elev ated WBC's, so not a
history of fev ers and infections
Pancreatitis:
causes PANCREATITIS:
Posterior
Alcohol
Neoplasm
Cholelithiasis
Rx (lasix, AZT)
ERCP
Abdominal
surgery
Trauma
Infection
(mumps)
Triglycerides
elevated
Idiopathic
Scorpion bite
Thrombotic
thrombocytopenic purpura: signs FAT
RN:
Fev er
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal problems
Neurologic
dysfunction
Scrotum masses SHOVE IT:
Spermatocele
Hy drocele/ Haematocele
Orchitis
Varicocele
Epidymal cyst
Indirect
inguinal hernia Torsion/ Tumor
Kawasaki disease:
diagnostic criteria CHILD:
5 letters=5 days, >5 years old, 5 out 6
criteria for diagnosis:
Conjuctivitis
(bilateral)
Hy perthermia
(fever) >5 days
Idiopathic
polymorphic rash
Ly
mphoadenopathy (cervical)
Dry ness
& redness of (i)lips & month (ii)palms & soles [2 separate criteria]
Pancoast tumor:
relationship with Horner's syndrome "Horner has a MAP of the Coast":
A panCoast tumor
is a cancer of the lung apex that compresses the cervical sympathetic plexus,
causing Horner's sy ndrome, which is
MAP:
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Ptosis
Pericarditis:
findings PERICarditis: Pulsus paradoxus
ECG changes
Rub
Increased
JVP Chest pain [worse on
inspiration, better when lean forward]
Calculi: types CAlCUli:
Calcium
Ammonium
magnesium phosphate
Cy stine
Uric acid
Fat embolism:
findings "Fat, Bat, Fract": Fat in
urine, sputum
Bat-wing lung
x-ray
Fracture
history · Also, fracture of FEMur
causes Fat EMboli.
Histiocytosis
X: hallmark finding "Birbeck's
rackets is X":
Tennis rackets under electron microscope is Histiocystosis
X.
Consider 2 tennis rackets in an X formation.
Pulmonary fibrosis:
differential of both upper and lower lobes BREAST SCAR:
· Upper lobe:
Bery liosis
Radiation
Extrinsic
allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing
spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
· Lower lobe:
Sy stemic
sclerosis
Cryptogenic
fibrosing alveolitis
Asbestosis
Radiation
Gout vs. pseudogout:
crystal lab findings Pseduogout
crystals are: Positiv e birefringent
Poly gon shaped
· Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals.
· Also, gout classically strikes great Toe, and its hallmark is Tophi.
Pulmonary
embolism: risk factors 7 H's: Hereditary
(eg factor V Leyden, protein C or S deficiency) History (previous DVT or PE)
Hy pomobility
(fracture, CVA, severe illness, obesity, long trip)
Hy povolaemia (nephrotic syndrome, dehy
dration) Hy percoagulability
(smoking, malignancy) Hormones
(oestrogens [esp. in OCP], puerperium) Hy
perhomocysteinaemia
APKD: signs,
complications, accelerators 11 B's: · Signs:
Bloody urine
Bilateral
pain [vs. stones, which are usually unilateral pain] Blood pressure up
Bigger kidneys
Bumps palpable
· Complications:
Berry aneurysm
Biliary
cysts Bicuspid valve [prolapse and
other problems] · Accelerators:
Boy s
Blacks
Blood pressure
high
Barter's syndrome:
pathogenesis, major sign Barter: "In exchange for giving away
Na+,K+,Cl-, y ou can drop the blood pressure".
Thyrotoxicosis
syndrome: signs and symptoms "A
Penny For Ev ery Symptom That Hyperthyroi dism Will Make Grossly Evident":
Anxiety
Palpitations/ Pulse rapid
Fatigability
Emotional
lability
Sweating
Tremor
Heat intolerance
Weight
loss with good appetite Muscular
weakness/ Menstrual changes Goitre
Ey e changes
Peptic ulcer:
associated causative factors SHAZAM:
Smoking
Hy percalcemia
Aspirin
Zollinger-Ellison
Acidity
MEN ty pe I
· These may work with H. pylori to promote ulceration, or
may act alone.
Carcinoid syndrome:
components CARCinoid:
Cutaneous
flushing
Asthmatic
wheezing
Right sided
valvular heart lesions Cramping and
diarrhea
Anemia causes
(simplified) ANEMIA:
Anemia of
chronic disease
No folate or B12
Ethanol
Marrow failure
& hemaglobinopathies
Iron deficient
Acute &
chronic blood loss
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