Pathology Mnemonics
MI: post-MI
complications ACT
RAPID:
Arrhythmias
(SVT, VT, VF)
Congestive cardiac
failure Tamponade/ Thromboembolic disorders
Rupture
(ventricle, septum, papillary muscle) Aneurysm
(ventricle)
Pericarditis
Infaction (a
second one)
Death/ Dressler's sy ndrome
Hypersplenism: criteria "Hy per Splenism Ravages Cells":
Hy percellular
or normal marrow
Splenomegaly
Response
to splenectomy Cy topenias
Whipple's disease:
full features WHIPPLES:
Weight loss
Hy
perpigmentation of skin
Infection with
tropheryma whippelii
PAS positiv e
granules in macrophage
Poly arthritis
Ly mphadenopathy
Enteric
involvement Steatorrhea
Pick's disease:
features PICK:
Progressive
degeneration of neurons
Intracytoplasmic
Pick bodies
Cortical
atrophy Knife edge gyri
Alzheimer's disease (AD): associations,
findings AD: · Associations:
Aluminum
toxicity
Acetylcholine
deficiencies
Amyloid B
Apolipoprotein
gene E
Altered nucleus
basalis of Mey nert
Down's
· Findings: Actin
inclusions (Hirano bodies)
Atrophy of brain
Amyloid plaques
Aphasia, Apraxia, Agitation
DNA-coiled
tangles
Dementia, Disoriented, Depressed
Osteomalacia:
features "Vit-D deficiency in ADULT":
Acetabuli protrusio
Decresed bone
density
Under
mineralization of osteoid
Looser's zone
(pseudofracture)
Triradiate
pelvis (females)
Anemia
(normocytic): causes ABCD:
Acute blood loss
Bone marrow
failure
Chronic disease
Destruction
(hemolysis)
Phaeochromocytoma:
diagnositc rule · Rule of 10's:
10% ectopic
10% multiple
10% malignant
Hematuria:
urethral causes NUTS: Neoplasm
Urethritis
Tumour Stone
CREST sydrome:
components CREST:
Calcinosis
Ray naud's
phenomena
Esophageal
dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangectasia
TTP: clinical
features Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia
PARTNER
together:
Platelet count
low
Anemia
(microangiopathic hemolytic)
Renal failure
Temperature rise
Neurological
deficits
ERadmission (as
it is an emergency)
Pancreatitis: causes
BAD S#!T:
Biliary:
gallstones, 1% of ERCP patients Alcoholism/
Azotemia
Drugs
Scorpion bite/ Sea anenome/ SLE
Hy
perlipidemia/ Hypercalcemia Idiopathic/ Infectious (mumps, coxsackie, salmonella, ascariasis)
Tumor/ Trauma
· The drugs are: penacillamine, furosemide, thiazides,
ethacrynic acid, steroids, sulfas, ace inhibitors, NSAIDs, erythromycin,
estrogen.
Fragile-X
syndrome: features DSM-4: Discontinued chromosome staining
Shows
anticipation
Male (male
more affected) Mental retardation
(2nd most common genetic cause) Macrognathia
Macroorchidism
Endometrial
carcinoma: risk factors HONDA: Hy pertension
Obesity
Nulliparity
Diabetes
Age (increased)
Kawasaki's
disease: features FEAR ME: Fev er
Ey e:
perilimbic sparing conjunctival injection Adenopathy:
usually cervical
Rash
Mouth: red lips
Extremities: red
hands and feet
· Disease to be feared because of risk of coronary
aneurysms.
Pheochromocytoma:
common symptoms 5 P's:
Paroxysmal rise
in BP
Palpitations
Perspiration
Pain in
abdomen PMV in urine
IBD: extraintestinal
manifestations "Left intestine to sail the SEAS of the rest of the body": Skin manifestations: erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
Ey e
inflammation: iritis, episcleritis
Arthritis
Sclerosing
cholangitis
MI: complications "LEAP on the MAP": LVF
Embolism
(systemic)
Aneurysm
(ventricular)
Progressive
infarction
My ocardial
rupture
Arrhythmia
Pericarditis
Portal
hypertension: features ABCDE:
Ascites
Bleeding
(haematemesis, piles)
Caput medusae
Diminished
liver Enlarged spleen
Alzheimer's disease:
features RONALD (Ronald Reagan,
a famous victim): Reduction of Ach
Old age
Neurofibrillary
tangles
Atrophy of
cerebral cortex (diffuse)
Language
impairment Dementia (MC in elderly)/
Down's sy ndrome
Gout: major features
GOUT: Great toe
One joint (75%
monoarticular)
Uric acid
increased (hence urolithiasis) Tophi
Seronegative spondyloarthopathy: diseases
RAPE:
Reiter's sy
ndrome
Ankylosing
spondylitis
Psoriatic
arthitis
Enteropathic
arthitis (IBD)
Protein C,
Protein S: function C and S are: Clot
Stoppers
· These proteins inhibit coagulation.
Melanoma vs.
basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma: metastatic ability MElanoma is more likely to MEtastasize. · Basal and squamous
hardly ever metastasize.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma: aetiology, features ABC:
Aetiology:
Aflatoxins
Hep B
Cirrhosis
· Features:
AFP
increased (classic marker) Bile-producing
(DDx from cholangiocarcinoma) Commonest
primary liver tumor
Goitre: differential
GOITRE:
Goitrogens
Onset of
puberty Iodine deficiency
Thyrotoxicosis/ Tumor/ Thyroiditis
[Hashimoto's]
Reproduction
[pregnancy] Enzy me deficiencies
Renal failure
(chronic): consequences ABCDEFG:
Anemia
-due to less EPO
Bone alterations
-osteomalacia
-osteoporosis
-v on Recklinghausen Cardiopulmonary
-atherosclerosis
-CHF
-hy pertension
-pericarditis
D v itamin loss
Electrolyte
imbalance
-sodium loss/gain
-metabolic acidosis
-hy perkalemia
Fev erous
infections -due to leukocyte abnormalities and dialysis hazards GI disturbances
-haemorrhagic gastritis
-peptic ulcer disease
-intractable hiccups
Adrenal disorders:
Cushing's vs Addison's Cushing:
is Gushing cortisol. In Addison's: patient's cortisol doesn't Add up.
Aneurysm types MAD SCAB:
My cotic
Atherosclerotic
Dissecting
Sy philitic
Capillary
microaneurysm
Arteriovenous
fistula Berry
Nephrotic syndrome:
hallmark findings "Protein LEAC":
Proteinuria
Lipid up
Edema
Albumin
down Cholesterol up
· In nephrotic, the proteins
leakout.
COMMENTS