Nephrology Mnemonics

Nephrology Mnemonics

 

Polycystic kidney: genetic marker "P" is the 16th letter of the alphabet. · Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease is associated with abberation on the 16th chromosome.

Glomerular disease with a reduced complement level  PELICAN:

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Endocarditis (sub-acute)

Lupus erythematosus Idiopatic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Cryoglobulinemia

Abscess (visceral) Nephritis

Renal tubular acidosis: type with common nephrocalcinosis The stONE (nephrocalcinosis) is common in type ONE.

Urinary incontinence: differential DIAPERS:

Delirium

Infection
Atrophic urethritis and vaginitis

Pharmaceuticals/ Psychologic

Excessive urine output

Restricted mobility Stool impaction

Metabolic waste products

retention: clinical features  

ABCDEFGHI:

Apathy/ Anorexia/ Anemia Bleeding

Confusion/ Coma

Dizziness

Emesis/ Edema of the lung

Fits

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Hiccups

Infection

Hematuria: differential HEMATURIA:
Hereditary (PCK and OWR)/ Henoch Schonlein purpura
Embolism (infective endocarditis)
Malignant HTN
Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis / IgA nephropathy
Tumors / Trauma / Toxic drugs
Urolithiasis

Renal papillary necrosis

Infection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis)
Anti-coagulants

Nephrectomy: indications 4 T's:
Trauma

Tumor

TB

Transplantation

Urinary incontinence: causes of acute and reversible DRIP:
Delirium

Restricted mobility/ Retention

Inflammation/ Infection/ Impaction [fecal]

Pharmaceuticals / Polyuria · "Drip" is convenient since it is urinary incontinence, so urine only drips out.

Nephrotic syndrome: causes for secondary nephrotic syndrome DAVID:

Diabetes mellitus

Amyloidosis

Vasculitis

Infections
Drugs

Pyelonephritis (acute): predisposing factors SCARRIN' UP: Sex (females < 40, males > 40)

Catheterization

Age (infant, elderly)
Renal lesions

Reflux (vesciouteral)

Immunodeficienct

NIDDM, IDDM

Urinary obstuction

Pregnant

· Acute pyelonephritis heals by scarrin' up the area (pyelonephritic scar).

Epididmyitis: bacterial causes CENT:
Chlamydia trachomatis

E. coli

Nisseria gonorrhoeae

Tuberculos bacteria

Hydronephrosis:

differential · Unilateral is PACT:

Pelvic-uteric obstruction

(congenital or acquired)

Aberrant renal vessels Calculi Tumours of renal pelvis ·
Bilateral is SUPER:

Stenosis of the urethra

Urethral valve

Prostatic enlargement

Extensive bladder tumour

Retro-peritoneal fibrosis


Testicular atrophy: differential TESTES SHRINK:

Trauma

Exhaustional atrophy

Sequelae

Too little food

Elderly

Semen obstruction

Sex hormone therapy
Hypopituitarism

Radiation

Inflammatory orchitis

Not descended
Kleinfelter's

Dialysis: indications AEIOU:
Acid-base problems (severe acidosis or alkalosis)

Electrolyte problems

(hyperkalemia) Intoxications

Overload, fluid

Uremic symptoms

Enlarged kidneys: causes SHAPE:

Sclerderma

HIV nephropathy

Amyloidosis

Polycystic kidney disease

Endocrinophathy (diabetes)

Prostatism: initial symptoms "Prostatism is initially FUN":
Frequency

Urgency

Nocturia

Renal Cell Cancer (RCC): genetic marker "RCC" equals  three. Or, "C" is the third letter of the alphabet. · RCC is associated with genetic abberations on the third chromosome (VHL gene)