HYPERVOLEMIA
Hypervolemia,
or fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in
the blood
Causes
·
Excessive
IV fluid administration
·
Heart
failure
·
Renal
failure
·
Primary
polydipsia
·
SIADH
·
Cushing's
syndrome
·
Long
term use of corticosteroids
·
Cirrhosis
of liver
Pathophysiology:
Fluid overload →
increased hydrostatic pressure in arterial end of capillary → fluid movement
into tissues →edema
↓
Increased peripheral vascular
resistance
↓
Increased left ventricular pressure
↓
Increased left arterial pressure
↓
Pulmonary edema
Clinical Features:
·
Head
ache, confusion, lethargy
·
Peripheral
edema
·
Distended
neck veins
·
Bounding
pulse. Increased BP and CVP
·
Polyuria
·
Dyspnea,
cough, Crackles, pulmonary edema
·
Pleural
effusion
·
Muscle
spasm
·
Weight
gain
·
Seizures,
coma
Management
·
Identify
the primary cause and treat
·
Fluid
restriction
·
Promoting
urine output - Diuretics
·
Restriction
of sodium intake
·
Paracentesis
·
Dialysis
Nursing intervention
·
Monitor
BP
·
Assess
intake and output at regular intervals to identify excessive fluid
retention.
·
Monitor
weight daily and acute weight gain is noted. An acute weight gain of 0.9 kg
represents a gain of approximately 1L of fluid.
·
Assess
breath sounds at regular intervals in at-risk patients, particularly when
parenteral fluids are being administered.
·
Monitor
the degree of edema
Find The Other Common Signs And Symptoms Notes Here
Find The Other Common Signs And Symptoms Notes Here
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