BSN Notes: Common Signs And Symptoms: Magnesium imbalance

Magnesium imbalance

HYPOMAGNESEMIA	HYPERMAGNESEMIA
Causes: ·         Malnutrition ·         Alcoholism ·         Inadequate absorption: diarrhoea, vomiting, nasograstric drainage, fistula; diseases of small intestine ·         Excessive loss resulting from thiazide diuretics ·         Aldosteron excess ·         Polyuria	Causes: ·         Renal failure ·         Excess intake or parenteral intake of magnesium.
Signs and Symptoms: ·         Muscular tremors ·         Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes. o Confusion and disorientation o Dysrhythmias ·         Positive Chvostek's sign Trousseau's sign. ·         Serum magnesium level below 1.5 mEq/L	Sign symptoms: ·         Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes. ·         Decreased depth and rate of respirations. ·         Hypotension ·         Flushing. ·         Laboratory findings:Serum magnesium level above 2.5 mEq/L

Management

Hypomagnesemia

·         Mild deficit treat with oral supplement and increase dietary intake.  

·         In severe cases parenteral administration of magnesium sulfate.

Hypermagnesemia

·         IV calcium Gluconate (10 rnL of a 10% solution) antagonizes the neuromuscular effects of magnesium.

·         Dialysis and loop diuretics

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