BSN Notes: Common Signs And Symptoms: Water intoxication and Third Space Fluids

WATER INTOXICATION

·         Intracellular fluid volume excess

·         Occurs with acute or severe fluid volume excess.

·         Results from water excess or solute deficit, primarily sodium.

 Causes:

·         IV excessive amount of Hypo-osmolar fluids,

·         Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

·         Hypo-osmolar fluid in the vessel move by osmosis to the region of higher concentration of sodium in the cells in an attempt to maintain equilibrium.

·         Too much fluid accumulating in the cells causes cellular edema.

·         Cerebral cells absorb hypo-osmolar fluid more quickly than do other cells leading to increased ICP.

THIRD SPACE FLUIDS

·         Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space.

·         Results not only from pathological condition rather from inability of lymphatic system to compensate

Causes:

·         Increased hydrostatic pressure

·         Increased capillary permeability

·         Decreased serum protein level

·         Obstruction o e venous portion of the capillary and nonfunctional lymphatic's

Clinical manifestation

·         Are similar to hypovolemia

·         Pallor, cold limbs

·         Rapid pulse, hypotension

·         Oliguria

·         Decreased level of consciousness.

·         Body weight does not change -  only fluid redistributed.   

·         Hypovolemic shock in severe cases.

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