Urinary Elimination: Collection Of Urine Specimen

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Collection of Urine Specimen
Purpose:
ü To assess the ability of kidneys to concentrate & dilute urine,
ü Determine glucose metabolism disorders & determine specific constituents.
Principles:
ü Contaminated & improperly collected specimen will give false reading, adversely affect diagnosis & treatment.
ü Specimens allowed to stand at room temperature for a long time will give false reading due to decomposition & bacterial growth.
ü Accuracy & reliability depends on the collection & transportation methods.
ü Specimens serve as a media of transmission of microbes to the person who handles it carelessly.
Types of urine specimen:
1) Clean voided urine specimen/Single urine specimen/random specimen
·        It is used for routine examinations
·        Usually morning specimens are collected.
·        After cleaning the genital area the patient passes urine in a clean urinal or kidney tray or directly into the specimen bottle.
·        100-120 ml is sufficient.
·        Clean the outside of container and label it
2) Timed Specimen/ 24 Hour Urine Collection
·        Required for accurate measurement of the kidneys excretion of substances
o   Ex: urine protein, Creatinine, uric acid and selected hormones
·        Preservative is added to prevent breakdown of certain urinary constituents
·        Started early in the morning after the first void
·        All the subsequent voiding are collected including the last voiding at the end of 24 hrs
·        Collection begins at 6 AM. Ask the client to void at 6 AM & discard this urine.
·        All the subsequent voiding are collected including the last voiding at 6 AM the next day in a collecting jar already labeled & added with a preservative.
 3) Midstream urine collection/ clean catch
·        It is collected in sterile specimen containers or disposable clean catch kits.
·        Instruct the client to wash and dry genitals and perineal area ( including the urinary meatus)
·        Instruct the client start voiding, then place the container into the stream of urine taking care not to touch the perineum & collect 30-40 ml urine. Cap tightly, clean the out part of specimen container and label it
·        Sent to the lab immediately
Self- collecting MUS for a woman
·        Separate labia minora and cleanse perineum with aseptic swabs starting in front of urethral meatus towards the rectum (3 times)
·        Begin to urinate while continuing to hold labia apart
·        Allow first urine to flow into toilet
·        Hold specimen container under the urine stream and collect the sample
Self- collecting MUS for a man
·        Cleanse the end of the penis in a circular motion with aseptic swabs (x3 times)
·        If not circumcised, should retract the foreskin to expose the urinary meatus before cleansing
·        Allow first urine to flow
·        ' Pass specimen container into urine stream and collect sample
Specimen from a Catheter
·        If client already has an indwelling catheter in place,
·        Specimen is obtained using a syringe to draw urine from a self - ceiling pot in the  catheter
·        Never collect from the drainage bag
Collecting Urine from Children
·                    Catheterization not recommended because of small meatal opening and trauma to the young child
·                    Plastic collection devices are more acceptable
Nurse's responsibilities (please do include the instructions to be given to client for each type of specimen collection)
·        On the previous day explain the procedure.
·        Provide an appropriate container & demonstrate how to use.
·        Instruct not to contaminate the outside of the bottle.
·        Ask to wash the external genitalia with soap & water before collection.
·        Collect in clean dry containers with wide mouth.
·        No antiseptics should be used in the containers.
·        Avoid collection during menstruation.
·        Preservatives should be added when collecting 24 hour specimens.
·        Label each specimen with necessary data including date time & nature of test done

·        Perform hand washing & use disposable/paper gloves.

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notes.nursium.com: Urinary Elimination: Collection Of Urine Specimen
Urinary Elimination: Collection Of Urine Specimen
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https://notes.nursium.com/2017/02/urinary-elimination-collection-of-urine_24.html
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