Collection of Urine Specimen
Purpose:
ü To
assess the ability of kidneys to concentrate & dilute urine,
ü Determine
glucose metabolism disorders & determine specific constituents.
Principles:
ü Contaminated
& improperly collected specimen will give false reading, adversely affect
diagnosis & treatment.
ü Specimens
allowed to stand at room temperature for a long time will give false reading
due to decomposition & bacterial growth.
ü Accuracy
& reliability depends on the collection & transportation methods.
ü Specimens
serve as a media of transmission of microbes to the person who handles it
carelessly.
Types of urine specimen:
1) Clean voided urine
specimen/Single urine specimen/random specimen
·
It is used for routine
examinations
·
Usually morning
specimens are collected.
·
After cleaning the
genital area the patient passes urine in a clean urinal or kidney tray or
directly into the specimen bottle.
·
100-120 ml is sufficient.
·
Clean the outside of
container and label it
2) Timed Specimen/ 24 Hour
Urine Collection
·
Required for accurate
measurement of the kidneys excretion of substances
o Ex:
urine protein, Creatinine, uric acid and selected hormones
·
Preservative is added
to prevent breakdown of certain urinary constituents
·
Started early in the
morning after the first void
·
All the subsequent
voiding are collected including the last voiding at the end of 24 hrs
·
Collection begins at 6
AM. Ask the client to void at 6 AM & discard this urine.
·
All the subsequent
voiding are collected including the last voiding at 6 AM the next day in a
collecting jar already labeled & added with a preservative.
3) Midstream urine collection/ clean
catch
·
It is collected in
sterile specimen containers or disposable clean catch kits.
·
Instruct the client to
wash and dry genitals and perineal area ( including the urinary meatus)
·
Instruct the client
start voiding, then place the container into the stream of urine taking care
not to touch the perineum & collect 30-40 ml urine. Cap tightly, clean the
out part of specimen container and label it
·
Sent to the lab
immediately
Self- collecting MUS for a
woman
·
Separate labia minora
and cleanse perineum with aseptic swabs starting in front of urethral meatus
towards the rectum (3 times)
·
Begin to urinate while
continuing to hold labia apart
·
Allow first urine to
flow into toilet
·
Hold specimen
container under the urine stream and collect the sample
Self- collecting MUS for a
man
·
Cleanse the end of the
penis in a circular motion with aseptic swabs (x3 times)
·
If not circumcised,
should retract the foreskin to expose the urinary meatus before cleansing
·
Allow first urine to
flow
·
' Pass specimen
container into urine stream and collect sample
Specimen from a Catheter
·
If client already has
an indwelling catheter in place,
·
Specimen is obtained
using a syringe to draw urine from a self - ceiling pot in the catheter
·
Never collect from the
drainage bag
Collecting Urine from
Children
·
Catheterization not
recommended because of small meatal opening and trauma to the young child
·
Plastic collection
devices are more acceptable
Nurse's responsibilities (please do include the instructions to be given to client
for each type of specimen collection)
·
On the previous day
explain the procedure.
·
Provide an appropriate
container & demonstrate how to use.
·
Instruct not to
contaminate the outside of the bottle.
·
Ask to wash the
external genitalia with soap & water before collection.
·
Collect in clean dry
containers with wide mouth.
·
No antiseptics should
be used in the containers.
·
Avoid collection
during menstruation.
·
Preservatives should
be added when collecting 24 hour specimens.
·
Label each specimen
with necessary data including date time & nature of test done
·
Perform hand washing
& use disposable/paper gloves.
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