Introduction:
Glucometer
(glucose meter) is point of care testing device used for measuring glucose in
fresh capillary whole blood. This system is plasma — calibrated to allow easy 
comparison of results with laboratory methods.
It could be used for self— monitoring of blood glucose level by diabetes
patients.
Test principle:
The enzyme
glucose oxidase on the test strip reacts specifically with the blood glucose.
The current generated is converted and displayed as blood glucose value
Procedure:
1.
Insert the
test strip: Remove test strip from the vial. Recap the vial immediately
to prevent moisture from affecting the other strips. Insert the test strip.
2.
Compare the
code number: The meter will automatically turn 'ON' and display the
code number. Make sure the code number on the display matches the code number
on the test strip vial. If the code no does not match, code the meter
correctly.
3.
Applying
blood sample: After 3 seconds of code confirmation blood icon will be
displayed on the screen. Prick the area where you have decided to obtain the
blood.
4.
Touch your finger to the tip of Omnitest-plustest strip.
5.
 |
Results in
Seconds:
After
"beep" sounds, the test will begin automatically, counting down the
numbers from 5 to 1 on the display. Then the test result will be shown.
Note:
Blood
glucose test results are displayed on the Omnitest-plustest meter as either
milligrams of glucose per decilitre of blood (mg/dL). The Omnitest-plustest
meter displays results between 10 -600 mg/dL.
2.
Remove
Tested Strip by Ejector:
Slide the
ejector button forward to remove the test strip from the meter. The meter is
turned 'OFF' with the removal of the test strip. Discard the used strip and
lancet to a proper place.
Use:
It is a
point of care testing device, which provides a quick and easy way to measure
the blood glucose level.
It could be
used for self-monitoring of blood glucose level by diabetes patients.
Note:-
It should be
used only for testing blood glucose and only with fresh capillary whole blood
samples.
It should
not be used for the diagnosis of diabetes or for the testing of new-borns
(neonates).
Do not use
this device for any purpose other than blood glucose test.
Instructions for
Urine analysis by Dipsticks
Dipsticks (urine analysis reagent
strips) are used for both qualitative and semi-quantitative
urine analysis. These contain in-vitro reagent for diagnostics. (Dry chemistry
tests). The urine parameters that can be tested for using dipsticks are:
Leukocytes, nitrite, urobilinogen, protein, pH, blood, specific gravity, ketone
bodies (acetoacetic acid), glucose & bilirubin. The results of the specific
test parameters on the strips can be read visually as well as using
instruments.
Principle of each parameter tested using dipstick
Glucose: Glucose
oxidized by glucose oxidase catalyses the formation of gluconic acid and
hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide releases nascent [O] by the action of
peroxidase. Nascent [O] oxidises potassium iodide which results in a color
change. High concentration of ketones may give a false negative result.
Bilirubin: Direct
bilirubin reacts with dichlorobenzone diazonium to produce azodyes in a
strongly acid medium. Medicines that dye urine red can give false positive
results and ascorbic acid may give false negative result.
Ketones:
Acetoacetate produces violet color with sodium nitroprusside in alkaline
medium. Highly pigmented urine or levodopa in urine may give false positive
results.
Specific gravity: Electrolytes in the form of salt
(MT) in urine reacts with poly methyl vinyl ether and malic acid which are weak
acid (anionic) exchanger. The reaction produces hydrogen ion which reacts with
the indicator and changes the color. This test detects specific gravity between
1.0 and 1.030. Proteinuria elevates the readings.
Blood: Hb (Heme) acts as peroxidase. It can causé release of
nascent [O] using 1-1202 which oxidises the indicator and produces the color
change subsequently.
Note: Certain oxidizing contaminants
like hypochlorite or microbial peroxidase (in case of UTI) may lead t false
positive results.
DU: The method of pH indicator is
applied (pH detected in the range: 5.0 — 8.5).Different indicators change color
at different pH.
Note: A highly alkaline urine may
give false positive results.
Protein: pH
indicator which is anionic reacts with the cationic protein, which produces a
color change.
Urobilinogen: based on
Ehrlich reaction. Paradimethyl amino benzaldehyde (in conjunction with a color 
enhancer) reacts with urobilinogen
in a strongly acid medium to produce a reddish pink color. Detects amounts as
low 3 umol/L.
enhancer) reacts with urobilinogen
in a strongly acid medium to produce a reddish pink color. Detects amounts as
low 3 umol/L.
Sample collection and specimen preparation
Collect
fresh urine in a clean and dry container. Mix the sample properly before
performing the test. Urine test should be performed within 2 hours of
collection.
Note: Long term storage specimen may affect the test results of
glucose, pH, nitrite & blood due to bacterial growth.
Procedure:
1.
Immerse the reagent area of the strip in the urine specimen
and take it up quickly.
2.
Run the edge of the strip against the rim of the container
to remove the excess urine. Excess sample can be removed by gently tapping over
a filter paper.
3.
Hold the strip up horizontally and compare the result on the
strip with the color chart. Make note of the result. The strip should be read
between 1-2 minutes after dipping as indicated in the color chart .Color
changes beyond 2 minutes are of no diagnostic value.
Storage of strips:
1.
Must be kept in original bottle
2. Do not use
after expiry date
3. Every strip
can be used only once
4. Cap the
bottle immediately and tightly after taking out the strips
5. Strips
should be stored at room temperature in a dry place
6. Do not touch
the reagent area of the strip
