Disorders
of psychological development or Disorders related to specific developmental
skills
Meaning
• Disorders in which normal pattern of developmental
skills in any one area is disturbed and onset usually occur in childhood or
adolescence.
Classification
• Specific
developmental disorders of speech and language
• Specific
developmental disorders of scholastic skills
• Specific
developmental disorders of motor function
• Mixed
Specific developmental disorders
• Pervasive
developmental disorders
Epidemiology
•
Dyslexia 5-10%
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Dyslexia |
•
In India,
Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills-1.58%
Etiology
• Genetic
§ Monozygotic twins
• Biological
§ Asymmetry in left brain area
§ Brain lesion
§ Weakness in encoding process and working memory
• Prenatal
§ Maternal alcohol intake
• Intra natal
§ IUGR
§ Birth injuries
§ Instrumental deliveries
§ Preterm
§ Postnatal
§ Fall or injuries
§ Malnourished
Types
• Speech
and language disorder
§ Speech
v Dysphasia-Language
disorder marked by deficiency in the generation of speech, and sometimes also
in its comprehension, due to brain disease or damage
v Dyslalia-
Inability
to articulate comprehensible speech, especially when associated with the use of
private words or sounds.
§ Language
v Expressive
language disorder- It is a communication disorder in which there are
difficulties with verbal and written expression.
v Receptive
language disorder- It means
the child has difficulties with understanding what is said to them.
• Specific
developmental disorders of scholastic skills
v Dyslexia- Disorders that involve difficulty
in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols, but that do
not affect general intelligence.
v Specific spelling disorder
v Specific arithmetic disorder
• Specific
developmental disorders of motor function
• Mixed Specific developmental disorders
• Pervasive Developmental disorder
Management
• Speech and language therapy
• Supportive parental counseling
• Contingency management
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