Disaster management
Stages
of disaster management
1.
Mitigation
phase : Disaster Mitigation is essentially measures taken in
advance of a disaster aimed at minimizing or eliminating the impact of disaster
on community and environment
Two
components: reducing hazard and reducing vulnerability & reducing hazard vs
reducing vulnerability
Reducing hazard:
protection against threat by removing the cause of threat. Eg: Construction of
leeves along banks of river to reduce chance of flooding, Tree plantation.
Reducing vulnerability:
reducing the effect of threat Eg. Constructing buildings as per bylaws
Most
of the natural hazards are unpreventable, therefore, mostly work towards
reducing vulnerability
Disaster
mitigation measures
·
Passive mitigation measure
·
Control of land use
·
Compulsory insurance
·
Active mitigation measures
·
Planning control dispensation
·
Training and education
·
Economic assistance
·
Subsidies on safety equipment, building
equipment etc.
·
Public information dissemination and awareness
raising
2. PARATION
PHASE:
·
Preparedness: is usually regarded as comprising
measures which enable governments, organizations, communities and individuals to
respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations.
·
Improving community and individual reaction and
responses to disasters
·
Plans and preparations made to save lives
·
To help response and rescue operations in the
event. Of a natural or technological disaster
Levels
of preparedness:
·
Personal preparedness- disaster drills, CPR,
first aid
·
Professional preparedness: Assessment of risk
factors, Establishing authority communication and transportation
·
Community preparedness
1.
PRE DISASTER PHASE
·
Advanced planning
·
Community participation
·
Mock drill
·
Mass education
2.
DISASTER PHASE :
PRE
IMPACT PHASE
·
Safety measures,
·
Time factor,
·
Co-ordination
IMPACT
PHASE
POST
IMPACT PHASE – ENSURE-
·
Appropriate first aid centre
·
Rescue material
·
Distribution of duties
·
Shelters
·
Streamlining Efforts of Community
·
Food, Drugs & Blankets
·
Immediate Aid
3.
POST DISASTER PHASE
·
Leader ship Role
·
Disposal of Dead
·
Immunization
·
Hygiene and sanitation
·
Follow up Care
·
Routine Health Services
·
Nutritional Programme
REHABILITATION:
Starts from the moment disaster strikes & ends with. The restoration of
normality
·
Medical
·
Surgical
·
Psychological
·
Vocational
4.
RESPONSE PHASE
·
Begins immediately after onset of disastrous
event.
·
Includes actions taken to save lives and
prevent further damage
·
Puts disaster planning services into action
·
Disaster impact and response
·
Management of mass casualties
·
Search and rescue
·
First aid
·
Triage
·
Stabilizing victims
5.
RECOVERY PHASE
·
Hospital treatment
·
Redistribution of patients to other hospitals
if necessary.
COMMENTS