Cardiology Mnemonics
CHF: causes of exacerbation FAILURE:
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection
Lifesty le: taken too much salt
Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hy perthyroidism
Renal failure
Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hy perthyroidism
Renal failure
Embolism: pulmonary
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic PASS:
Pulmonic &Aortic
Stenosis=Systolic.
Pulmonic &Aortic
Stenosis=Systolic.
PAID: Pulmonic
& Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic.
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic Systolic murmurs: MR AS:
"MR. ASner".
Diastolic murmurs: MS AR:
"MS. ARden".
· The famous people with those surnames are Mr. Ed Asner and Ms. Jane Arden.
MI: therapeutic treatment "O BATMAN!":
Oxy gen
Beta blocker
ASA
Thrombolytics (eg heparin)
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin
Mitral stenosis (MS) vs. regurgitation (MR): epidemiology
MS is a female title (Ms.) and it is female predominant. MR is a male title (Mr.) and it is male predominant.
Pericarditis: EKG "PericarditiS":
PR depression in precordial leads. ST elev ation.
Jugular venous pressure (JVP) elevation: causes HOLT:
Grab Harold Holt around the neck and throw him in the ocean: Heart failure
Obstruction of v enea cava Ly mphatic enlargement - supraclavicular
Intra-Thoracic pressure increase
MI: therapeutic treatment MONAH:
Morphine
Morphine
Oxy gen
Nitrogen
Aspirin
Heparin
Depressed ST-segment: causes DEPRESSED ST:
Drooping valve (MVP)
Enlargement of LV with strain
Potassium loss (hypokalemia)
Reciprocal ST- depression (in I/W AMI)
Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Subendocardial ischemia
Embolism in lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Subendocardial ischemia
Subendocardial infarct
Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Shock
Toxicity of digitalis, quinidine
ST elevation causes in
ECG ELEVATION:
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis)
Injury (AMI, contusion)
Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm
Aortic stenosis characteristics SAD:
Sy ncope
Sy ncope
Angina
Dyspnoea
MI: basic management BOOMAR:
Bed rest
Oxygen
Opiate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
Reduce clot size
ECG: left vs. right bundle block "WiLLiaM MaRRoW":
W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block. M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block. · Note: consider bundle branch blocks when QRS complex is wide.
Pericarditis: causes CARDIAC RIND:
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydralazine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's sy ndrome
Murmurs: systolic types SAPS:
Sy stolic
Aortic
Pulmonic
Stenosis
· Sy stolic murmurs include aortic and pulmonary stenosis.
· Similarly, it's common sense that if it is aortic and pulmonary stenosis it could also be mitral and tricusp regurgitation].
MI: signs and symptoms PULSE:
Persistent chest pains
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating
Excessive sweating
Heart compensatory mechanisms that 'save' organ blood flow during shock "Heart SAVER":
Sy mphatoadrenal system
Atrial natriuretic factor
Vasopressin
Endogenous digitalis-like factor
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
· In all 5, system is activated/factor is released
Murmurs: right vs. left loudness "RILE": Right sided heart murmurs are louder on Inspiration. Left sided heart murmurs are loudest on Expiration.
Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade) 3 D's:
Distant heart sounds
Distended jugular veins
Decreased arterial pressure
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