PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS PART 2
DISEASE
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PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
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owl’s eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells hence the
name)
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Hypocalcemia
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A.Chvostek sign (tapping of facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle
contraction on other side of face)
B.Trousseau sign (occlusion of brachial artery induces wrist
spasm)
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Tetanus
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risus sardonicus (sustained spasm of facial muscles)
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Bulimia nervosa
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chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling)
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Leprosy
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leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin)
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Measles
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Koplik’s spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa)
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Diphtheria
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pseudomembranes in oral cavity
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Pancreatitis
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Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis around umbilicus)
Grey-Turner’s Sign (flank ecchymosis)
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Cholera
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rice water stool (murky watery stool with sediments)
washer woman’s hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration)
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Typhoid Fever
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rose spots
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Meningitis
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Kernig’s sign (bend hip and knee then flex the knee produces
pain)
Brudzinski’s sign (pressure on the cheek flexes the forearm)
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Cholecystitis
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Murphy’s sign (hesitation on inspiration if gall bladder is
palpated)
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Angina Pectoris and MI
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Levine’s sign (clutching of fist on chest)
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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machine-like murmur
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Parkinson’s Disease
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pill-rolling tremor
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Pericarditis
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pericardial friction rub
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Hodgkin’s Lymphoma & Mononucleosis
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Reed-Sternberg Cells (large multi-nucleated cells)
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Rheumatic Fever
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Aschoff bodies (areas of inflammation in the heart)
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Rabies
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hydrophobia
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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
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Auer rods (rod-like inclusions in bone marrow cells)
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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barrel-chested
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Scarlet Fever & Kawasaki Disease
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strawberry tongue
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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butterfly rash on the face
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Appendicitis
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McBurney’s point (rebound tenderness)
Rovsing sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ)
Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip)
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Thrombophlebitis
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Homan’s sign (bend knee, dorsiflex ankle, pain at popliteal
area)
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Pyloric Stenosis
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olive-shaped mass
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Hyperthyroidism
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exophthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs)
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Addison’s Disease
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bronze-colored skin
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Cushing’s Syndrome
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buffalo hump at nape
moon face
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Asthma
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wheezing
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Choking
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holding of throat
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Down’s Syndrome
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single transverse palmar crease
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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ventricular septal defect
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
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Glaucoma
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tunnel vision
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Retinal Detachment
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flashes of light
shadow with curtain across vision
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Myasthenia Gravis
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ptosis (drooping of eyelids), Descending
paralysis
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Dengue Fever
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Herman’s sign (petechial rash)
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Amoebiasis
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bloody mucoid stool
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Pertussis
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“whoop” sound from inspiration of air after cough
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Pneumonia
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rusty sputum
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Peritonitis
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rigid, board-like abdomen
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Basilar Skull Fracture
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raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis)
Battle’s sign (mastoid ecchymosis)
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Buerger’s Disease
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intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor
circulation resulting in impaired walking)
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Chickenpox
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vesiculopapular rash
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis
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acetone breath
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Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
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proteinuria
hypertension
edema
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Diabetes Mellitus
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polydipsia
polyphagia
polyuria
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
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heartburn
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Hirschsprung’s Disease (Toxic Megacolon)
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ribbon-like stool
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Volvulus and Intussusception
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currant jelly stool
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Increase Intracranial Pressure
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Cushing’s Triad (increased BP, decrease RR & HR)
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Leptospirosis
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orange eyes
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Multiple Sclerosis
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descending paralysis
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Guillaine-Barre Syndrome
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ascending paralysis
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Oral Thrush/Candidiasis
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white spots on tongue
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Osteoporosis
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kyphosis
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Acute Renal Failure
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azotemia (nitrogen compounds in urine)
uremic frost (urea deposits in skin)
uremic fetor (ammoniacal breath)
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STD
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MALE
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FEMALE
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Herpes Simples Type II
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painful vesicles on genitalia
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Genital Warts
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warts 1-2mm in diameter
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Syphilis
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painless chancres
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Chancroid
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painful chancres
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Gonorrhea
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green, creamy discharge and dysuria
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Chlamydia
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milky discharge and dysuria
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Trichomoniasis
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N/A
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yellow, itchy, frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharges
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Candidiasis
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N/A
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white cheesy odorless vaginal discharges
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