BSN Notes: Common Signs And Symptoms: Fever

Fever

·         A body temperature above the usual range is called fever. (usually > 38 degree Celsius)

·         Fever is an important defense mechanism.

·         Pyrogens: any substance that causes fever. A true fever results from an alteration in the hypothalamic set point.

·         Pyrogens stimulate the release of hormones in an effort to promote the body’s defense against infection.

·         These hormones also trigger the hypothalamus to raise the set point, inducing a febrile episode.

Causes

·         Infection

·         Inflammation

·         Pathology of temperature control system

Physical Examination

·         Attention must be paid to the chronology of events and to other signs and symptoms preceding the fever.

·         Laboratory Tests

 Management

Medical Management

·         Aspirin

·         Acetaminophen - Paracetamol

·         Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAlDs)        

·         Corticosteroids

Nursing Diagnosis

·         Hyperthermia related to infection

·         Risk for deficient fluid volume related to increased metabolic rate, diaphoresis and decreased oral intake

Interventions

·         Assess vital signs frequently

·         Avoid heavy layers of clothing

·         Change linen frequently

·         Assess for dry lips & tongue, poor skin turgor, sunken eyes.

·         Encourage fluid intake 

·         Administer IV fluids if necessary

·         Monitor intake & output

·         Advice rest 

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