Pathology Mnemonics
Gynecomastia: causes
DaLAS:
Digitalis
Ley dig cell
tumors
Alcohol
Sertoli cell
tumors
Pick's disease:
location, action, epidemiology · See figure.
Pick axes
are Picking away at the old woman's
cerebral cortex, causing cortical atrophy. 2 pick axes on her brain: frontal
lobe and anterior 1/3 of temporal.
An old woman, since epidemiology is elderly & more
common in women.
Multiple
sclerosis (MS): pathology MS
attacks the My elin Sheath, resulting in plaques.
Nasopharyngeal
malignant cancers NASOPharyngeal:
Nasophayngeal
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell
carcinoma
Olfactory
neuroblastoma Plasmacytoma
TB: features TB
is characterised by 4
C's:
Caseation
Calcification
Cav itation
Cicatrization
Gallstones/cholecystitis:
risk factors 5 F's: Fat
Female
Family history
Fertile Forty
Rheumatoid
arthritis: features RHEUMATOID:
Ragocytes/ Rheumatoid factor (anti-
IgG)
HLA-DR4/ HLA-Dw4
ESR increase/ Extra-articular features (restrictive
lung disease, subcutaneous nodules) Ulnar
deviation
Morning
stiffness/ MCP joint Ankylosis/ Atlantoaxial joint subluxation/ Autoimmune/ ANA
T-cells (CD4)/ TNF
Osteopenia
Inflammatory
synovial
tissue/ Idiopathic/
IL-1 Deformities (swan-neck, boutonniere)
Neuroblastoma:
features N-MYC:
Nuclei have
"double minutes"
Malignant
Young Catecholamine secreting · And hallmark is n-mycamplification.
Lou Gehrig's
is both upper and lower motor neuron signs LoU = Lower & Upper.
Dandy-Walker
syndrome: components "Dandy
Walker Sy ndrome":
Dilated 4th
ventricle
Water on
the brain Small vermis
Cerebral palsy:
general features PALSY:
Paresis
Ataxia
Lagging motor
development
Spasticity
Young
Von
Hippel-Lindau: signs and symptoms HIPPEL:
Hemanigoblastomas
Increased renal
cancer
Pheochromocytoma
Port-wine stains
Ey e dysfunction
Liv er,
pancreas, kidney cysts · Bare bones v ersion: Hippel-Lindau, with H
and L as above.
Bronchial
obstruction: consequences APPLE BABE:
Atelectasis
Pleural
adhesions
Pleuritis
Lipid pneumonia
Effusion->organisation->fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Abscess
Broncho and
lobar pneumonia Emphysema
Marble bone disease:
signs and symptoms MARBLES:
Multiple
fractures
Anemia
Restricted
cranial nerves
Blind & deaf
Liv er enlarged
Erlenmeyer
flask deformity Splenomegaly · Epony
mous name:
Marbles = Albers-Schonberg (anagram).
Heart failure causes
"HEART MAy DIE":
Hy pertension
Embolism
Anemia
Rheumatic heart
disease
Thyrotoxicosis
(incl. pregnancy)
My ocardial
infarct
Arrythmia
Y
Diet &
lifestyle
Infection
Endocarditis
Renal failure:
causes AVID GUT:
Acute tubular
necrosis
Vascular
obstruction
Infection
Diffuse
intravascular coagulation
Glomerular
disease
Urinary
obstruction
Tubulointerstitial
nephritis
Multiple endocrine
neoplasia III: components MEN
III is a disease
of 3 M's:
Medullary
thyroid carcinoma
Medulla of
adrenal
(pheochromocytoma) Mucosal neuroma
Ulcerative
colitis: features ULCERATIONS:
Ulcers
Large intestine
Carcinoma [risk]
Extraintestinal
manifestations
Remnants of old
ulcers [pseudopolyps]
Abscesses in
crypts
Toxic megacolon
[risk]
Inflamed, red,
granular mucosa
Originates at
rectum
Neutrophil
invasion Stools bloody
Virchow's triad
(venous thrombosis) "VIRchow":
Vascular trauma
Increased
coagulability
Reduced blood
flow (stasis)
Pyrogenic
meningitis: likeliest bug in age group "Explaining Hot Neck Stiffness":
· In order from birth to death: E. coli [infants] Haemophilus
influenzae [older infants, kids] Neisseria
meningitis [young adults]
Streptococcus
pneumoniae [old folks]
Endometrial
carcinoma: risk factors ENDOMET:
Elderly
Nulliparity
Diabetes
Obesity
Menstrual
irregularity Estrogen therapy hy perTension
Polycystic
ovary: morphology, presentation · Morphology is poly-C: Cy sts
Capsule
thickened
Cortical stromal
fibrosis
· Clinical presentation is OVARY:
Obese
Virilism or
hirsutism
Amenorrhoea
Reproductive
problem [infertile] Young woman
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