Immunology Mnemonics

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Immunology Mnemonics



 
Immunoglobulins, and order B cells present them MADGE
(character from the old dishwashing liquid commercial): IgM
IgA
IgD
IgG
IgE
· Order of presentation by B cells (which is made first, IgD or IgM?) B
cells present IgM primarily, and then IgD. Just remember why all of us are going through this pain...to become M.D's. For a
B cell to be competent, it must get its MD.
· Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure.


Graves disease: etiology In Graves disease, the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are of the IgGclass.


Dendritic cell: function DENDRITIC CELL:
Disguised in host tissue (but still have same function!)
ECF ingestion
Nothing left to chance (ensures an immune response) Derived from bone marrow
Regulates the immune response Induces an immune response (makes it unique among antigen presenting cells)
Transfers information from the ECF into the cell
Immune tolerance (increases it)
Co-ordinates the adaptive and innate immune systems
Captures and processes antigen Expresses lymphocyte costimulatory molecules Llong processes extend from cell
(stellate shaped)
Liv es in lymphoid tissue Secretes cytokine to initiate immune response


DiGeorge Syndrome: features The disease of T's:
Third and 4th pharyngeal pouch absent. Twenty-Two chromosome
T-cells absent
Tetany: hypocalcemia


Chrug-Strauss syndrome: symptoms and signs PAVE:
P-ANCA
Asthma
Vasculitis
Eosinophilia


Immunoglobulin response to antigens: order of IgM vs.
IgG "IMmunoGlobulin":
IgM is released first, followed by IgG.


Sjogren syndrome: morphology "Jog through the  MAPLES":
Sjogren is:
Mouth dry
Arthritis
Parotid enlarged
Ly mphoma
Ey es dry
Sicca (primary) or Secondary


Celiac sprue features CELIAC:
Cell-mediated autoimmune disease
European descent Ly mphocytes in Lamina propria/ Lymphoma risk Intolerance of gluten (wheat) Atrophy of v illi in small intestine/ Abnormal D-xylose test Childhood presentation
· Atrophied villi cause less absorption, so diarrhea, weight loss, less energy.


Hypersensitivity: type IV example Poison IVy causes ty pe IVhypersensitivity.


Immunoglobulins: which crosses the placenta IgG crosses the placenta during Gestation.


Interferon gamma: action on macrophages "Th1nk BIG Mac Attack":
Th1 and NK cells Build Interferon Ga mma. Causes Macrophages to have an augmented Attack [by better ly sosome function and increasing reactive oxy gen metabolites, nitric oxide and defensins].


Passive vs. active immunity "Pay for Passiv e, Active Ages": Passiv e:Pay for a shot of antibodies for fast results following exposure to Rabies, etc.
Active: Slow onset ("aging") and memory.


HLA-B27 associated diseases PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease Reiter's sy ndrome


Histamine: features HISTAMINE:
HCL production
Inflammation
Strong vasodilator
Therapeutic vaue none
Allergy
Mast cells
Neurotransmitter/ Narrow airways IgE


T and B cells: types When bacteria enter body, T-cell says to B: "Help Me Catch Some!" B-cell replies: "My Pleasure!":
· T-cell types:
Helper
Memory
Cy totoxic
Suppressor
· B-cell ty pes: Memory cell Plasma cell


MHC: loci creating class I vs. II Class 1 has 1
letter:
HLA I is HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C.
Class 2 has 2 letters:
HLA II is HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLADR.


Hypersensitivity reactions: Gell and Goombs nomenclature  ACID
· From I to IV:
Anaphylactic type: type I
Cy totoxic type: type II
Immune complex disease: type III Delayed hypersensitivity (cell mediated): type IV


MHC I vs. II: T cell interaction The "=8" equation:
2x4=8, and 1x8=8.
MHC II goes with CD4. MHC I goes with CD8.


Immunoglobulin (Ig) types: the important ones worth remembering, in order of appearance MAGDElaine
(a girl's name):
IgM
IgA
IgG
IgD IgE
· Magdelaine tells you the order they usually appear: M first, then A or G.
· Alternatively: IgM is IMmediate.


Acute inflammation features SLIPR: Swelling
Loss of function
Increased heat
Pain
Redness
· "What a cute pair of slippers" can be used to tie acute inflammation to SLIPR.


Lupus signs and symptoms SOAP BRAIN:
Serositis [pleuritis, pericarditis]
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood [all are low - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia]
Renal [protein]
ANA
Immunologic [DS DNA, etc.]
Neurologic [psych, seizures]


Goodpasture's Syndrome components GoodPasture is Glomerulonephritis and Pnuemonitits. · From autoantibodies attacking Glomerular and Pulmonary basement membranes.


Complement: function of C3a versus C3b C3a: Activates Acute [inflammation]. C3b: Bonds Bacteria [to macrophages-
-easier digestion].
· If wish to know more than just C3:
C3a, C4a, C5a activate acute. C3b, C4bbind bacteria.


MHC I vs. MHC II properties "Immunity helps  to exterminate fun for bacteria"


HLA-DR genetic predisposition immune disease examples HLA-
DR:
Hashimoto's disease
Leukemia/ Lupus
Autoimmune adrenalitis/ Anemia
(pernicious)
Diabetes insipidous
Rheumatoid arthritis


Complement cascade initiating items: alternative vs. classic Classic: Combined Complexes.
Alternative: Activators Alone, or IgA. · Complexes are made of Ab and Ag combined together. · Examples of activators: endotoxin, microbial surface.


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Immunology Mnemonics
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