Immunology Mnemonics
Immunoglobulins, and
order B cells present them MADGE
(character
from the old dishwashing liquid commercial): IgM
IgA
IgD
IgG
IgE
· Order of presentation by B cells (which is made
first, IgD or IgM?) B
cells present IgM
primarily, and then IgD. Just
remember why all of us are going through this pain...to become M.D's. For a
B cell to be competent, it must get its MD.
· Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure.
Graves disease:
etiology In Graves disease, the
thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are of the IgGclass.
Dendritic cell:
function DENDRITIC CELL:
Disguised in
host tissue (but still have same function!)
ECF ingestion
Nothing
left to chance (ensures an immune response) Derived from bone marrow
Regulates the immune response Induces an immune response (makes it
unique among antigen presenting cells)
Transfers
information from the ECF into the cell
Immune tolerance
(increases it)
Co-ordinates the
adaptive and innate immune systems
Captures
and processes antigen Expresses
lymphocyte costimulatory molecules Llong
processes extend from cell
(stellate shaped)
Liv es in lymphoid tissue Secretes cytokine to initiate immune
response
DiGeorge Syndrome:
features The disease of T's:
Third and
4th pharyngeal pouch absent. Twenty-Two chromosome
T-cells absent
Tetany:
hypocalcemia
Chrug-Strauss
syndrome: symptoms and signs PAVE:
P-ANCA
Asthma
Vasculitis
Eosinophilia
Immunoglobulin
response to antigens: order of IgM vs.
IgG "IMmunoGlobulin":
IgM is released
first, followed by IgG.
Sjogren
syndrome: morphology "Jog through
the MAPLES":
Sjogren is:
Mouth dry
Arthritis
Parotid enlarged
Ly mphoma
Ey es dry
Sicca (primary)
or Secondary
Celiac sprue
features CELIAC:
Cell-mediated
autoimmune disease
European descent Ly mphocytes in Lamina
propria/ Lymphoma risk Intolerance of gluten (wheat) Atrophy of v illi in small intestine/ Abnormal D-xylose test Childhood presentation
· Atrophied villi cause less absorption, so diarrhea,
weight loss, less energy.
Hypersensitivity:
type IV example Poison IVy
causes ty pe IVhypersensitivity.
Immunoglobulins:
which crosses the placenta IgG
crosses the placenta during Gestation.
Interferon
gamma: action on macrophages "Th1nk
BIG Mac Attack":
Th1 and NK cells Build Interferon Ga mma. Causes Macrophages to have an augmented Attack [by better ly sosome function and increasing reactive oxy
gen metabolites, nitric oxide and defensins].
Passive vs. active
immunity "Pay for Passiv e, Active Ages": Passiv e:Pay for a shot of antibodies for fast results following exposure to
Rabies, etc.
Active: Slow
onset ("aging") and
memory.
HLA-B27
associated diseases PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing
spondylitis
Inflammatory
bowel disease Reiter's sy ndrome
Histamine: features
HISTAMINE:
HCL production
Inflammation
Strong
vasodilator
Therapeutic vaue
none
Allergy
Mast cells
Neurotransmitter/
Narrow airways IgE
T and B cells:
types When bacteria enter body, T-cell says to B: "Help Me Catch Some!" B-cell replies: "My Pleasure!":
· T-cell types:
Helper
Memory
Cy totoxic
Suppressor
· B-cell ty pes: Memory cell Plasma cell
MHC: loci
creating class I vs. II Class 1
has 1
letter:
HLA I is HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C.
Class 2 has 2 letters:
HLA II is HLA-DP,
HLA-DQ, HLADR.
Hypersensitivity
reactions: Gell and Goombs nomenclature ACID
· From I to IV:
Anaphylactic
type: type I
Cy totoxic type:
type II
Immune complex disease: type III Delayed hypersensitivity (cell
mediated): type IV
MHC I vs. II: T
cell interaction The "=8"
equation:
2x4=8,
and 1x8=8.
MHC II
goes with CD4. MHC I goes with CD8.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
types: the important ones worth remembering, in order of appearance MAGDElaine
(a girl's name):
IgM
IgA
IgG
IgD IgE
· Magdelaine tells you the order they usually appear: M first, then A or G.
· Alternatively: IgM is IMmediate.
Acute
inflammation features SLIPR: Swelling
Loss of function
Increased heat
Pain
Redness
· "What a
cute pair of slippers" can be used to tie acute
inflammation to SLIPR.
Lupus signs and
symptoms SOAP BRAIN:
Serositis
[pleuritis, pericarditis]
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood [all are
low - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia]
Renal [protein]
ANA
Immunologic [DS
DNA, etc.]
Neurologic
[psych, seizures]
Goodpasture's
Syndrome components GoodPasture is Glomerulonephritis and Pnuemonitits.
· From autoantibodies attacking Glomerular
and Pulmonary basement membranes.
Complement: function
of C3a versus C3b C3a: Activates Acute [inflammation]. C3b:
Bonds Bacteria [to macrophages-
-easier digestion].
· If wish to know more than just C3:
C3a, C4a, C5a activate acute. C3b,
C4bbind bacteria.
MHC I vs. MHC
II properties "Immunity helps to exterminate fun for bacteria"
HLA-DR genetic
predisposition immune disease examples HLA-
DR:
Hashimoto's
disease
Leukemia/ Lupus
Autoimmune
adrenalitis/ Anemia
(pernicious)
Diabetes
insipidous
Rheumatoid
arthritis
Complement
cascade initiating items: alternative vs. classic Classic: Combined Complexes.
Alternative: Activators Alone, or IgA. ·
Complexes are made of Ab and Ag combined together. · Examples of activators:
endotoxin, microbial surface.
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