Pathology Mnemonics
Parkinsonism:
essential features TRAPS: Tremor (resting tremor) Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural changes
(stooped)
Stare
(serpentine stare) · To remember what kind of tremor and postural change, can
look at letter that follows in TRAPS: Tremor
is Resting, Posture is Stooped.
Thrombus: possible
fates DOPE:
Dissolution
Organization
& repair
Propagation
Embolization
Turner syndrome:
components CLOWNS:
Cardiac
abnormalities
(specifically Coartication)
Ly mphoedema
Ov aries
underdeveloped (causing sterility, amenorrhea)
Webbed neck
Nipples
widely spaced Short
MI: sequence of
elevated enzymes after MI "Time
to CALL 911":
· From first to appear to last:
Troponin
CK-MB
AST
LDH1
Wiskott-Aldrich
syndrome: symptom triad "PET
WASP":
Py rogenic
infections
Eczema
Thrombocytopenia
· WASP is the name of the causitive agent: Wiskott-Aldrich
Syndrome Protein.
· Alternatively: Wiskott=Hot, Aldrich=Itch, Syndrom=Throm.
Sarcoidosis
summarized SARCOIDOISIS:
Schaumann
calcifications Asteroid bodies/ [ACE] increase/ Anergy Respiratory
complications/ Renal calculi/ Restrictive lung disease/ Restrictive cardiomyopathy Calcium increase in serum and urine/ CD4 helper cells Ocular lesions
Immune
mediated noncaseating granulomas/ [Ig]
increase Diabetes insipidus/ [D v it.] increase/ Dyspnea Osteopathy
Skin (Subcutaneous nodules, ery thema
nodosum)
Interstitial
lung fibrosis/ IL-1 Sev enth CN palsy
Blood
disorders: commoner sex HE
(male) gets: HEmophilia (X-linked)
HEinz bodies
(G6PD deficiency, causing HEmolytic
anemia: X-linked) HEmochromatosis
(male predominance) HEart attacks
(male predominance) HEnoch-Schonlein
purpura (male predominance) SHE
(female) gets:
SHEehan's sy
ndrome
Thyroid storm
characteristics "Storm HITS
girls cAMP":
Thyroid storm
due to:
Hy perthyroidism
Infection or Illness at childbirth
Trauma Surgery
· girls: Thyroid
storm more common in females. · cAMP:
Tx involves high dose of beta
blockers (beta receptors work via cAMP)
· Alternatively: "S#IT storm": Surgery,
Hyperthyroidism, Infection/
Illness, Trauma.
Hypothyroidism/thyroiditis: maifestations
and morphology "A SCHISM
among the Axis during WWII":
Addison disease
Subacute
thyroiditis Cretinism/ Cold intolerance/ Constipation Hashimoto's
disease
Infectious-subacute
thyroiditis
Silent
thyroiditis
My xedema coma
· The Axis: Schimidt syndrome (when other endocrinology
disorders
accompany
Hashimoto's disease) and "Hitler cells"
(Hurthle
cells, which are follicular epithelial cells with basophilic inculsions)
Pheochromocytoma:
3 most common symptoms "PHEochromocytoma":
Palpitations
Headache
Edisodic
sweating (diaphoresis)
Necrosis: the 4 types
"Life Can Get Complicated":
Liquifactive Coagulation
Gangrene
Caseous
· 'Life' used since necrosis is 'death'.
Thyroid
carcinoma: features, prognosis of most popular Most Popular is Papillary. ·
Clinical features:
Papillae
(branching)
Palpable lymph
nodes
"Pupil"
nuclei (Orphan Annie)
Psammoma bodies
within lesion
(often)
· Also, has a Positive
Prognosis (10 y ear survival rate:
98%).
Inflammatory
Bowel Disease: which has cobblestones Crohn's
has Cobblestones on endoscopy.
Gout: factors that
can precipitate an attack of acute gouty arthritis
DARK:
Diuretics
Alcohol
Renal disease
Kicked (trauma)
· And, the attack occurs most often at night [thus
"dark"].
Paget's disease of
bone: signs and symptoms Four L's:
Larger hat size
Loss of hearing:
due to compression of nerve
Leontiasis ossea
(lion-like face)
Light-headed
(Paget's steal) Wernicke-Korsakoff
triad
Syndrome in alchoholics, who lov e to "drink CANs of beer":
Confusion
Ataxia
Ny stagmus
Wernicke-Korsakoff's
psychosis: findings COAT RACK:
· Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute phase): Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia Thiamine tx. · Korsakoff's psy chosis (chronic phase):
Retrograde
amnesia
Anterograde
amnesia
Confabulation
Korsakoff's psy
chosis
Atherosclerosis
risk factors "You're a SAD BET
with these risk factors":
Sex: male
Age:
middle-aged, elderly
Diabetes
mellitus
BP high:
hypertension
Elev ated
cholesterol Tobacco
Duchenne vs. Becker
Muscular
Dystrophy Duchenne Muscular Dy strophy
(DMD) : Doesn't Make Dy strophin.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made
Dy strophin (a
truncated protein).
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
(MEN) subtype
classification Each subtype has 2 or 3 causes, plus something 1 or 2 more
items.
MEN I is disease of 3 P's: [Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas] plus one more: adrenal cortex.
MEN II is disease of 2 C's: [Carcinoma
of thyroid, Catacholamines
(pheochromocytoma)] plus two more: parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous
neuromas for MEN IIB (also called MEN III).
Takayasu's disease
is Pulseless disease "Can't Tak'a
ya pulse" (Can't take your
pulse): Takayasu's disease known as Pulseless disease, since pulse is weakened
in the upper extremities.
Hypercalcemia:
symptoms of elevated serum levels "Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans":
Bones: pain in
bones
Stones: renal
Groans: pain
Psy chic moans/
Psy chological overtones: confused
state
Acute ischemia:
signs [especially limbs] 6 P's: Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold
Hodgkin's lymphoma
classification
A: Asymptomatic B: Bad
Lichen planus
characteristics Planus has 4 P's:
Peripheral
Poly gonal
Pruritus Purple
Hypertension:
secondary hypertension causes CHAPS:
Cushing's sy ndrome
Hy
peraldosteronism [aka Conn's sy ndrome]
Aorta
coarctation
Phaeochromocytoma
Stenosis of
renal arteries
· Note: only 5% of hy pertension cases are secondary, rest
are primary.
Hepatomegaly: 3
common causes, 3 rarer causes Common are
3 C's:
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma Cardiac failure
Rarer are 3 C's:
Cholestasis
Cy sts
Cellular
infiltration
MI: sequence of
elevated enzymes after MI "C-AST-Le"
(castle):
CK-MB first
AST second
LDH third
· Also: can use the last 'E' for ESR.
Pulmonary embolism:
risk factors TOM SCHREPFER:
Trauma
Obesity
Malignancy
Surgery
Cardiac disease
Hospitalization
Rest
[bed-ridden]
Elderly
Past history
Fracture
Estrogen [pregnancy, post-partum] Road
trip
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